There is a significant gap between the megatons of oil equivalent (Mtoe) of fossil fuels compared to non-hydro renewable energy. Renewables cannot be a replacement for fossil fuels because of the intermittent nature of the generation. Urbanization and growing population increases will increase energy demands significantly in the near future. Supply chain and demand considerations

Global CO2 emissions are not abating any time soon. Since the Kyoto Protocol at 1997, global emissions have only risen. Significant emissions reductions need to be made to reach the global climate goals. This fundamental issue has brought nuclear back into the perspective of a clean energy mix. As renewables scale up around the world,

  President Biden and President Moon met in May of 2021 and agreed to cooperate on nuclear exports. The decision was hailed by the nuclear community, but the direction and details of such an agreement have yet to be discussed. Collaboration is possible on many issues including nuclear safety, the supply chain, human capital, and

          Government initiatives and private industry are both working to advance nuclear technologies in space. International collaboration between governments and in public-private partnerships will be key to deployment of nuclear technologies. By the end of this decade, NASA and other departments in the United States hope to both demonstrate space nuclear

Although standardization will be needed to improve the viability and commercial competitiveness of future nuclear reactor designs, specific customer preferences and requirements will often necessitate customized solutions. Furthermore, as many U.S. advanced reactor designs are presently in a demonstration phase, specific design details will need to be determined before the process of standardization can commence.

Russia and China are quickly and aggressively marketing their civil nuclear technologies throughout the world. For emerging nuclear markets, such as in the Middle East and Sub-Saharan Africa, the comprehensive nature of Russian and Chinese civil nuclear packages—which includes financing, equity, operations, training, long-term support, fuel cycle services, and other side benefits—is very appealing. The

There has been widespread interest in the development of civil nuclear programs in Africa. Africa, and Sub-Saharan Africa in particular, has never been viewed as a robust market for nuclear power, at least partly because conventional plants are perceived as too costly and inflexible to be practical. However, with the emergence of SMRs and advanced